Conditions We Treat

Dry age-related macular degeneration

Also called: Dry AMD, ARMD dry, age related macular degeneration

Dry AMD is a chronic macular disease associated with drusen and gradual changes in the retinal pigment epithelium. It typically causes slowly progressive blur, distortion or blank areas in central vision while peripheral vision remains.

Wet age-related macular degeneration

Also called: Wet AMD, neovascular AMD, ARMD wet

Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath or within the retina and leak fluid or blood near the macula. It can cause rapid distortion or central vision loss and requires prompt evaluation by a retina specialist.

Best disease

Also called: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, vitelliform

Best disease is an inherited macular dystrophy that produces characteristic material beneath the macula. Its onset and progression vary, but it can affect central visual acuity and cause distortion.

Central serous chorioretinopathy

Also called: CSCR, CSR, central serous retinopathy

CSCR occurs when fluid collects beneath the central retina, often producing blurred, dim or distorted central vision. Some cases resolve, while recurrent or chronic disease can produce lasting retinal changes.

Cystoid macular edema

Also called: CME

CME describes cyst-like pockets of fluid within the macula. It can occur after eye surgery or in association with inflammation, retinal vascular disease and other eye conditions, causing central blur or distortion.

Diabetic macular edema

Also called: DME

DME is swelling in the macula caused by leakage from retinal blood vessels damaged by diabetes. It can occur at different stages of diabetic retinopathy and may reduce detailed central vision.

Diabetic retinopathy

Also called: diabetic eye disease

Diabetic retinopathy develops when diabetes damages retinal blood vessels. Changes can range from small areas of leakage to abnormal new blood vessel growth, bleeding, retinal swelling and vision-threatening complications.

Macular dystrophy

Also called: inherited macular dystrophy

Macular dystrophy is a broad term for inherited disorders that primarily damage the macula. The age of onset, pattern of retinal change and rate of vision loss depend on the specific genetic condition.

Macular edema

Macular edema is swelling of the macula caused by fluid leakage. It is not a single disease and may result from diabetes, retinal vein occlusion, inflammation, surgery or other retinal disorders.

Macular hole

A macular hole is a small opening in the central retina. It may cause central blur, distortion, difficulty reading or a missing spot in the center of vision and should be evaluated by a retina specialist.

Macular telangiectasia

Also called: MacTel, mac tel, juxtafoveal telangiectasia

Macular telangiectasia is an uncommon disorder involving abnormal capillaries and progressive changes near the macula, most often in both eyes. It can affect reading, central detail and contrast sensitivity.

Myopic degeneration

Also called: pathologic myopia, degenerative myopia

Myopic degeneration occurs when severe nearsightedness is associated with stretching and thinning of tissues at the back of the eye. It can lead to macular damage, abnormal blood vessel growth, retinal tears or retinal detachment.

Pattern dystrophy

Also called: pattern macular dystrophy

Pattern dystrophy refers to a group of usually inherited disorders in which pigment and waste material form characteristic patterns in the macula. Symptoms and progression vary and may sometimes resemble age-related macular degeneration.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Also called: PCV

PCV involves abnormal branching blood vessels beneath the retina with polyp-like dilations that may leak or bleed. Because it can resemble wet AMD, specialist imaging is often important for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Retinal vein occlusion

Also called: RVO, CRVO, BRVO, eye stroke, eye vein occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion occurs when a vein carrying blood away from the retina becomes blocked. The resulting bleeding and swelling can cause sudden painless blur or vision loss and requires prompt ophthalmic evaluation.

Retinoschisis

Retinoschisis is a separation between layers of the retina. It may be inherited or age-related and can affect peripheral or central vision depending on its type and location.

Retinitis pigmentosa

Also called: RP

RP is a group of inherited retinal diseases that progressively damage photoreceptor cells. Night blindness and loss of peripheral vision are common early features, although the age of onset and rate of progression differ widely.

Rod-cone dystrophy

Also called: rod cone dystrophy

Rod-cone dystrophy describes an inherited pattern in which rod photoreceptors are affected before cone photoreceptors. It commonly begins with night-vision and peripheral-field problems and may later affect central and color vision.

Stargardt disease

Also called: Stargardt macular dystrophy, juvenile macular degeneration

Stargardt disease is an inherited retinal disorder that primarily affects the macula, often beginning in childhood or young adulthood. It usually causes progressive central vision loss and difficulty seeing fine detail.

Usher syndrome

Also called: Ushers

Usher syndrome is an inherited condition that combines retinitis pigmentosa with hearing loss; some types also affect balance. Coordinated eye, hearing and genetic care is important because the condition involves more than vision alone.

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Also called: NAION, ischemic optic neuropathy

NAION is an optic nerve injury associated with reduced blood supply to the front of the optic nerve. It typically causes sudden, painless vision loss in one eye and needs prompt medical assessment to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate relevant health risks.

Optic nerve atrophy

Also called: optic atrophy, optic nerve damage

Optic nerve atrophy describes lasting damage and loss of nerve fibers rather than one specific disease. Possible causes include glaucoma, reduced blood flow, inflammation, compression, trauma, toxicity and inherited disorders.

Optic neuritis

Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. It may cause pain with eye movement, reduced vision, lower contrast and altered color perception, and can be associated with neurologic or autoimmune conditions.

Normal-tension glaucoma

Also called: NTG, low tension glaucoma, low-pressure glaucoma

Normal-tension glaucoma causes characteristic optic nerve and visual-field damage even though measured eye pressure remains within the statistically normal range. Ongoing glaucoma-specialist care is necessary to monitor progression and manage risk factors.

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Also called: POAG, open angle glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma. It usually progresses gradually as optic nerve damage and corresponding visual-field loss develop, often without noticeable early symptoms.

Corneal dystrophy

Corneal dystrophies are usually inherited disorders in which material accumulates or cells change within one or more corneal layers. The effect on vision and comfort depends on the specific dystrophy and the layer involved.

Corneal ectasia

Also called: ectasia, corneal thinning, cone shaped cornea

Corneal ectasia is progressive thinning and outward bulging of the cornea. The resulting irregular shape can cause increasing astigmatism, blur, ghosting and glare.

Corneal neuropathy

Also called: corneal nerve damage, reduced corneal sensation

Corneal neuropathy refers to damage or dysfunction of corneal nerves. It may alter corneal sensitivity, tear-film regulation and healing and can be associated with dryness, light sensitivity, numbness or pain.

Corneal neuralgia

Also called: neuropathic corneal pain, keratoneuralgia, phantom corneal pain

Corneal neuralgia is pain caused by abnormal nerve signaling in or beyond the cornea. Symptoms can be severe even when routine examination shows limited surface disease, so evaluation may require both ocular-surface and nerve-focused assessment.

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Also called: Fuchs dystrophy, Fuch's

Fuchs dystrophy causes gradual loss of endothelial cells that normally keep the cornea clear. Fluid can accumulate, producing morning blur, glare, halos and, in later stages, persistent swelling or discomfort.

Keratoconus

Also called: KC, cone shaped cornea, irregular cornea

Keratoconus is a progressive condition in which the cornea thins and becomes more cone-shaped. It can cause irregular astigmatism, blur, glare and frequent changes in vision correction.

Post-LASIK corneal ectasia

Also called: post lasik ectasia, iatrogenic keratectasia

Post-LASIK ectasia is an uncommon complication in which the cornea progressively thins or bulges after laser vision-correction surgery. It can cause worsening irregular astigmatism, ghosting and reduced visual quality.

Dry eye disease

Also called: dry eyes, dry eye syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, gritty eyes, burning eyes

Dry eye disease occurs when the tear film does not adequately lubricate and protect the eye. Symptoms may include burning, grittiness, watering, redness, light sensitivity, fluctuating vision and eye fatigue.

Sjögren's disease

Also called: Sjögren's syndrome, autoimmune dry eye

Sjögren's is a systemic autoimmune disease that commonly reduces tear and saliva production. Ocular care focuses on protecting the eye surface while the patient's medical team evaluates and manages the broader condition.

APMPPE

Also called: acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

APMPPE is a rare inflammatory chorioretinal disorder associated with multiple placoid lesions near the retinal pigment epithelium. It can cause sudden blurred vision, blind spots or light phenomena and warrants specialist assessment.

Choroiditis

Choroiditis is inflammation of the choroid, the vascular layer beneath the retina, and often occurs as a form of posterior uveitis or chorioretinitis. Symptoms can include floaters, blurred vision, light flashes or blind spots.

Keratitis

Also called: corneal inflammation

Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea and may be infectious or noninfectious. Pain, redness, light sensitivity, discharge or reduced vision, especially in a contact-lens wearer, requires prompt ophthalmic evaluation.

Panuveitis

Panuveitis is inflammation involving the front, middle and back portions of the eye. Because it can affect multiple structures and cause significant complications, it requires ophthalmic diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.

Retinal vasculitis

Retinal vasculitis is inflammation affecting retinal blood vessels. It may be associated with autoimmune, inflammatory or infectious disease and can lead to leakage, reduced circulation, swelling or vision loss.

Uveitis

Also called: iritis (anterior uveitis), intraocular inflammation

Uveitis is a broad term for inflammation inside the eye. Depending on whether the front, middle or back of the eye is involved, symptoms may include redness, pain, floaters, light sensitivity or blurred vision.

White dot syndromes

Also called: white dot syndrome

White dot syndromes are a group of uncommon inflammatory disorders affecting the retina, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. The specific diagnosis depends on the lesion pattern, symptoms, imaging findings and clinical course.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens has an uneven curvature, causing light to focus at more than one point. It may produce blur, ghosting, squinting, headaches or eye strain at near or far distances.

Persistent or recurrent symptoms after LASIK

Also called: failed LASIK, post lasik problems, halos after lasik, starbursts

Some patients have residual or returning refractive error, dry eye, glare, halos, irregular astigmatism or other complications after LASIK. The term failed LASIK covers several different problems, so identifying the underlying cause is the first step.

Myopia

Also called: nearsightedness, short sighted

Myopia causes distant objects to appear blurred because light focuses in front of the retina. High or pathologic myopia also raises the risk of retinal, macular and glaucoma-related complications that require ongoing eye care.

Presbyopia

Also called: age related near vision loss

Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus at close range as the natural lens becomes less flexible with age. It commonly becomes noticeable in the forties and progresses over time.

Ptosis

Also called: droopy eyelid, blepharoptosis, drooping eyelid

Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid. It may be present from birth or develop with age, trauma, surgery, muscle disease or nerve dysfunction and can obstruct vision when severe.